Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
They occur between non-metals.
The forces between atoms are very strong.
In simple covalent structures, the intermolecular forces are weak. This gives these structures low melting and boiling points.
In giant covalent structures, the intermolecular forces are very strong. This makes these substances harder, with a higher melting and boiling point.
Polymers are very large, covalent molecules.
They are made by joining together many monomers in a 'chain'.
Giant covalent structures are very strong.
Some examples include:
Diamond
Silicon dioxide (sand)
Graphene
We can represent covalent bonds using a:
Dot and cross diagram
Ball and stick model
2D diagram
3D diagram
Note that these diagrams are the same as in ionic compounds - they're very useful for many things!
Last updated 2 years ago
